Reorganization and New Policies, r770-r800
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in the vicinity of presidios or Spanish settlements and to seek, in general, protection under the supervision of Spanish officials. We find Viceroy Revillagigedo, therefore, issuing in 1791 a new set of instructions concerning relations with the Indians of the Interior Provinces which reveals the progress made. Officers were told to welcome peace proposals, but to explain clearly the terms under which peace was to be granted. The Spaniards were now in position to dictate terms and to demand and enforce their observance. In the first place any tribe or nation desiring peace had to give up its nomadic life and settle within four leagues of a presidia. If they agreed to this essential condition, they would be allowed rations for a reasonable period of time in order to enable them to establish themselves on the new site and make arrange- ments for the raising of crops. Furthermore, the Spaniards would protect them thereafter against all their enemies as long as they continued to live peaceably. Again, they were to be given to understand that the Spaniards expected them to take part in all campaigns against enemies, whether they be former friends or kinsmen. Lastly, and most signifi- cantly, the Indians who made peace and agreed to the terms outlined, were admonished that in the future they might not, without perm1ss1on from the commander of the nearest presidio, leave or absent themselves from the rancl,erias where they were established. The details of this provision were explicit and clear, tending to supervise in a general way the movements of the friendly Indians to prevent treachery. Warriors and young men of the tribes might leave the new ranclterias and take their own horses to go hunting, but each had to have a passport or identification card to show to any Spanish officer to prove his peaceful character. To insure his return and gooq. behavior while away, the women and children had to remain in the .rancl,enas as hostages. The same condition was to be observed respecting visits to friends and relatives who had not made peace or settled near presidios. The officials carefully informed those agreeing to the new terms the amount of rations to be allowed to enable them to establish their rancleer£as near a presidi(?. Each married Apache was to receive two pecks of corn or wheat, four packages of cigarettes, a piloncillo (loaf of brown sugar), a handful of salt, and one thirty-second part of a beef each week until the first crop was harvested. Chiefs and important members of the tribe were to be allowed an extra loaf of brown sugar, two extra packages of cigarettes, and occasional gifts of clothes for
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