TEXAS INDIAN PAPERS, 1846-1859
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a nation, and the others at peace. The eight divisions of the tribe are classed and named by themselves as follows: 1st. Ho-is, or Timber people, because they live in a timbered country. They are also called "Pine-takers" or honey-eaters, being fond of honey. 2d. "No-ko-nies," because they always live and travel in a circle; their country that they claim being circular. 3d. "Teu-a-wish," or Liver-eaters, because they eat the liver of all game the kill in its raw state. 4th. "No-na-um," because they live in the high prairie where there is no timber or running water, and never leave that kind of country. 5th. "It-chit-a-bud-ah." Cold people, or the northern band, because they live in a cold country. 6th. "Hai-ne-na-une," or Corn-eaters, being fond of corn. 7th. "Koo-che-ta-kers," or Buffalo-eaters. 8th. "Par-kee-na-um," or Water-people; because they always camp as near the waters of lakes or creeks as they can get. A large number of them speak Spanish imperfectly, and some few understand a little English. All their business is transacted in their own language, for which an interpreter is sufficient. There are at the present time very few pure-blooded Comanches, having intermarried as previously stated. They have not changed their location since their emigration, and their terri- torv in Texas has diminished by the continued encroachments of the whites. The principal chiefs that are known are "Pa-ha- yu-ca," or one who has connexion with his uncle's wife; "Mo- po-cho-co-pie," or Old owl; "Pochan-a-qua-hiep," or Bull-hump, commonly known as Buffa.lo-hump; "Santa Anna;" "Sah-vi- artee," or Small Wolf; "Tuna-cio-quasha," or Bear's Tail; "Moora-ke-toph," or Mule-dung-Rois chiefs-"Fo-hu-ca-w~- kit," or Medicine-hunter; "0-ha-wa-kit," or Yellow-hunter, Ten- a-wish chiefs; "Chip-es-se-ah," or Growing-chief, Koo-chi-ta-ku; "Oho-is," or Naked-head, No-ko-nie. They assume the pre-emi- nence of all prairie Indians; but this is only allowed by the small tribes, who live on the borders of their country. They have no proof, by monuments, &c., of any other race having existed where they at present live, previous to themselves; and the few traditions preserved by the old men are very imperfect. They believe that the earth is a plain or flat surface.
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