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Handicaps to Mission Development, I731-1750 47 Fernandez de Santa Ana, who like Father Vergara, believed that a different policy would result in the reduction of the Apaches to mission life and the establishment of permanent peace. In a report to the Guardian of the College of Queretaro, made in 1740, he says: "If the campaigns which they make were conducted with more discipline, and with a better and more disinterested purpose, it would not be difficult to secure peace with them. ... Of what took place in the present campaign, Reverend Father Fray Felipe will give a good account. I can only say that it is very important that others like it should not be made, for neither God nor King gains anything; while the hatred of the Indians is increased, the peace of the province in this way [is] becoming more disturbed. On account of the unseasonabl~ time when the campaigns were made, and the disorders which the soldiers were allowed to commit, many were left so heavily in debt that for a long time to come they will have nothing to eat or to use; the expedition was profitable only to those who had horses and other goods, which they sold at excessively high prices; and it is ridiculous that these same persons should claim certificates as servants of the King our Lord, when they were interested in what I have stated, and had greater hopes of a considerable prize of horses, hides, and Indian men and women to serve them. These are the purposes of the campaign and the ones entertained by most of the citizens who join the soldie.rs in such operations; and since the purpose is so vile, so is the outcome."u Two other campaigns against the Apaches were made, one in 1743, by the Governor of Coahuila, which proved a failure, and one by Toribio de Urrutia in 1745, who had succeeded his father upon his death in 1740.zs The latter was strongly opposed by Father Fernandez de Santa Ana. The consistent friendship and goodwill of this missionary towards the Apaches proved its worth in the summer of 1745. Then the Apaches, enraged at the enslavement of many of their people by Urrutia during his campaign, renewed their attacks with greater fury than ever. "Within a space of three weeks nine persons were killed and robbed, and all the UFray Benito Fernandez de Santa Ana to Fray Pedro del Barco, February 20, 1740, (Bolton's translation in op. cit., 31). A copy of this letter is found in .A.G. M., Hi.storia, Vol. 27 ; also in San Francisco el Grande Archive, Vol. 3. 25 For details about the first see "Project de Paix et d'Alliance avec les Cannecis et les avantages qui en peuvent resulter, envoye par Kerlerac, gouvemeur de la province de la Louisianne in 1753," in Journal d11 la Societi des Amiricani.stes "" Pari.s, IV, no. I, p. 74. For the second see Dunn, op. cit., 251-252.
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