The Field and Its Workers
7
of civilized living. The persistent and fervent efforts of the missionaries proved vain in the end.u The Caddo. To the northeast of the Hasinai Confederacy, along both sides of the Red River, extending from the present city of Natchitoches, Louisiana, to a point above the great bend of this stream, lived another group of tribes of Caddoan stock, generally designated by the Spaniards as Cacldodachos ( Kadohadachos, Grand Caddos). The principal and best known of this group were the Kadohadachos or Caddos proper, the Petit Caddos, the upper and lower Natchitoches, the Adaes, the Yatasis, and the Natsoos. 13 "The Cadodachos," declares Morfi, "speak the same lan- guage as the Nasonis, Nacogdoches, Hasinais, and Natchitoches." 14 This seems to prove conclusively that the two groups were branches of the great Caddoan linguistic stock. It seems that these Indians were visited first by Cabeza de Vaca and later by De Soto. Although after this incidental contact with the Spaniards they had no further relations with Europeans until the advent of La Salle, they appear to have been familiar with horses by that time. La Salle and his companions declare that they found many horses among these natives. In their pueblos the French found also many objects of Spanish origin which seem to have been brought as trophies from raids made on more distant Spanish outposts. They were heard of by De Leon and Father Massanet, and Teran visited them in accord with his instruc- tions in November, 1691. The Cadodachos received the Spaniards kindly and the Padres "were well impressed with the country and attitude of the Indians and declared their intention of returning at some later date to establish missions among these natives." 15 But this intention remained an unaccomplished desire, for the influence of the French among the 12 For details about the characteristics, life, and customs of these Indians to whose faulty name the state owes its present designation, see Hatcher, op. cit., Quartn-ly, Vols. JO and JI; Chabot, iJforfi's Indian Excerpts; Espinosa, Cl,ronica, Libro V, Chapters IX-XIII; Bolton, "Native Tribes about the East Texas Missions," Quar- terly, Vol. 11, pp. 249-277; Castaneda, Morfi's History of Te:ras, Quivira Society Publications, VI, pt. I, Chapter II; and article in Hodge, Handbook of American Indians. 13 Bolton, De Mezieres, I, 22. He points out that Mooney in his "Caddo and Associated Tribes," Bureau of American Ethnology, Fourteentl, Annual Report, fails to distinguish clearly between the Caddo proper and the Hasinai through a failure to use Spanish sources. 14 Castaneda, Morfi's History of Te:ras, part I, 88. Bolton, o;. cit., I, 22. 15 Castaneda, The Finding of Te:ras, (Our Catliolic Herilage in Te:ras, Tlie Misswn Era, I, 369-370.)
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