602
AMERICAN,_HISTORICAL AS$OCIATION.
Art. 4. J'he surrender of these rights must also be free, volur.tary, nnd without_coertion, or: it is void. .-ATt. 5 The rights _thus surrcnµered nre deposited in the hands .of the agents of the People, to be exercised for the common good, com- mon security, and General happiness of all. Art. 6 These agents constitute, and administer the n~tional Gov- ernment. Art. 7 The sovereignty resides· essentially and originally in the People, and from its nature is unalienable, imprescriptable, and incli- visible; the national agents are there-fore at all times accountable to the People. Art. 8 Government being i~stitnted·for the con~mon benefit, pro- tection and happiness of the whole community, and not for the private interest, 01: .agranclisement of any one man, family, or class of men; therefore whenever its objects are pen·erted, or public lib-, erty manifestly -endangered and all other means of redress are inef- fectual,.the people may, and of right ought to -reform the old, o·r · establish, a new Governmcmt.; The doctrine of non-resistance -to 'li'bitrary power is absurd, degrading, and distructive of the happi- 1ess of mankind. Art. 9 -The people have a-right to assemble in an orderly and peacible manner, .to consult upon .the public weal, give instructions to their deputies and petition Congress for. redress of grievances. Art. 10 A well regulated national Militia is the proper, and natural defence of a Nation, and no citizen shall be deprived of the right of keeping and carrying arms; except in such cases, to be spe- cia~ly pro_vided for by l_aw, in which ~he public tranquility may render it necessary. Art. 11 Ali elections o:nght to he free, arid everj• inhabitant of the nation; hav1ng the qualifications .required by law, has ·ai1 equal right to elect and be elected into office. • • . ' , . Art. 12 .Every citizen is e1ititled•to a ~ertain remidy,, by ~1aving recourse to the laws for _all injuries he may receive 1n his person, property or character; to obtain right an_d ju·stice_~reely, wi~hout being obliged to purchase _it, a,ncl prom1i~ly _according to .the law~.. Art. 13 Every person hath a righ~ to ~e secure"_from unreasonable searches, ·a'ncl seiz.ures of his person, his houses, his papers, and pos- sessions; none ' of which shall be molested except in the cases and with the formalities prescribed by law. Art. 14 No part of a -mans property shall be taken and applied to public use except by his o'i"\'n consent, or by virtue ,of a law.regu- larly enacted by Congress, and no duty, or contribution of any description shall be levied·or collected without due authority by law of Congress.
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